PROPAGANDANIN TEMEL ÖZELLİKLERİ AÇISINDAN ABD'DE II. DÜNYA SAVAŞI KAPSAMINDA KULLANILAN PROPAGANDA AFİŞLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

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Year-Number: 2016-Volume 6
Language : null
Konu : Sosyoloji
Number of pages: 89-105
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Abstract

Propaganda, belirli bir grup ya da toplumun sahip olduğu tutum, davranış veya düşünceyi çeşitli araç ve semboller kullanarak etkilemeyi amaçlayan sistematik faaliyetleri ifade eder. Araştırmanın konusunu, II. Dünya Savaşı'nda ABD'de uygulanan yurtiçi savaş propaganda araçlarından biri olan propaganda afişleri oluşturmaktadır. Toplumsal, askeri ve ekonomik gibi pek çok alanda davranış ve tutum değişikliğini hedef alan bu afişlerin propagandanın sembolleştirme, düşmanı stereotipleştirme, kriz koşullarını abartma, suçluluk duygusu yaratma ve rasyonelleştirme gibi özellikleri bağlamında ele alınması amaçlanmıştır. Afişlerde iletilen mesajlar ve propaganda unsurlarını değerlendirebilmek için ise ABD'de II. Dünya Savaşı'nda yurtiçinde savaş koşullarını kontrol altında tutmak adına gerçekleştirilen düzenlemelere ve oluşturulan kurumlara kısaca değinilmiştir. Afişler, propagandanın nitelikleri göz önünde bulundurularak belirlenmiş ve görsel unsurlarına dayanılarak ele alınmıştır. Belirlenen afişler, savaş tahvili satışı ve askeriyeye katılım; savaş üretimi kapsamında tam zamanlı çalışma, boşa vakit harcamama, grev yapmama ve sakatlanmama; gündelik hayatı ve tüketimi düzenleme kapsamında tutumlu olma, iyi beslenme, sağlıklı kalma ve bilgi sızdırmama mesajlarını içermektedir.

Keywords

Abstract

Propaganda refers to the systematical activities which seek to affect the attitudes, actions or thoughts of a group or a society by using various means and symbols. The subject of the research is the USA propaganda posters which were used as one of the war propaganda tools in the country during the Second World War. Intended to create a behavioral and attitude change in economic, military and social fields, the posters are aimed to be discussed in terms of the features of propaganda as symbolization, stereotyping the enemy, exaggerating the conditions of the crisis, evoking feelings of guilt and rationalization. With the purpose of discussing the messages and the propaganda elements on the posters, the regulations and organizations, which were established in an attempt to keep the war conditions under control in the USA during the Second World War, are mentioned briefly. The posters are determined by taking into consideration the features of propaganda, and they are discussed with regard to their visual elements. The posters which are analyzed in this research are the posters that ensure war-bond sale and joining to army, posters denote the messages like fulltime employment within the scope of production for war, not to waste time, not to go on strike and not to get injured, and posters give the messages of being thrifty in consumption in daily life, eating nutritious food and staying healthy and not to leak information out.

Keywords


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